D in SPUD'S

Focus on discrepancies in sessions to identify when a client's words and actions don't align. Timing is crucial when using discrepancies, so it's important to build rapport before challenging clients. Discrepancies can challenge belief systems and definitions of success, such as perceiving failure despite partial success or blaming others for lack of progress. By approaching discrepancies non-judgmentally and curiously, they can provide valuable insight into thought processes and belief systems. Creating a safe environment with external space and horses can help clients navigate emotional challenges. Discrepancies are more common in the pre-contemplation or contemplation stages of change and tend to decrease as clients process through their issues.