What are some of the challenges associated with identification of velopharyngeal dysfunction in children?

Diagnosing velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) and insufficiency in children presents unique challenges, particularly in distinguishing between general dysfunction and specific causes. Velopharyngeal insufficiency often relates to structural issues such as cleft palate, while incompetence may stem from neurological conditions impacting valve function. Many children undergoing therapy may not see improvement due to these underlying structural problems rather than purely functional issues.